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James Webb Space Telescope vs Hubble Images
James Webb Space Telescope vs Hubble Images landevideos 0 Views • 21 days ago

On July 11, 2022, the world was amazed when the latest technological innovation in telescopes released its first major image. This latest innovation is the James Webb Space Telescope and the image it released represents the deepest infrared view of our universe ever by mankind. The area in the view is called SMAC 0723 and it is home to a huge galaxy cluster.
The image is called Webb's First Deep Field, which gives us hints that there is much more to come. Webb's image covers a patch of sky approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm's length by someone on the ground and reveals thousands of galaxies in a tiny sliver of vast universe. The clarity is beyond belief! It's like a time machine, showing exactly as it looked 4.6 billion years ago.

Now in order to understand the power of the latest technology in the James Webb Telescope, we need to look at its predecessor, the Hubble Space telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990 and has been operating in the challenging conditions of space for over 30 years. Hubble mainly sees in optical and ultraviolet wavelengths, While the Webb telescope sees in infrared. The main difference is that infrared helps The Webb telescope gaze through dusty regions of space that the Hubble can’t penetrate. Webb's mirror is also much bigger than Hubble’s. A larger mirror means that Webb can peer farther back into time than Hubble is capable of doing.

In 2012, 10 years before Webb's first images came out, the Hubble team delivered the deepest view of space known as the XDF abbreviated as the eXtreme Deep Field. NASA and the European Space Agency released a series of Hubble Deep Fields over the years. They're still beautiful, but they also highlight just how powerful Webb is by comparison.

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Music:
Space Ambience by Alexander Nakarada
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The Sterilization of Puerto Rican Women
The Sterilization of Puerto Rican Women landevideos 0 Views • 21 days ago

In 1900 two years after the US invaded Puerto Rico, American Military governor of the island, Charles Allen complained that there were too many Puerto Rican laborers and poor and not enough men of capital..By 1930,  American corporations had eased their way into ownership of more than half of the land on the island.

Displaced from the land by the thousands, the small farmers went to work for these corporations planting and harvesting sugarcane.

By 1937 unemployment had reached 37%. By now the Puerto Rican people were landless, jobless and uprooted. And those that ruled saw them as excess population.

That same year, the American governor of the island, Blanton Winship approved law number 116 which made sterilization legal on the island. This law was based on the principles of Eugenics which advocated the breeding of the fit and the weeding out of the unfit.

By then a series of birth control clinics were opened throughout the island and promoted as positive for women's rights. They became popular and many women opted for voluntary sterilization not understanding the long term consequences.

Sources:
https://www.cwluherstory.org/h....ealth/35-of-puerto-r

https://pasquines.us/2015/09/0....1/sterilization-the-

https://www.zinnedproject.org/....materials/la-operaci


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Three Interesting Facts about the Taino
Three Interesting Facts about the Taino landevideos 0 Views • 21 days ago

We're going to look at three interesting facts about these people in how they lived their lives.

The first interesting fact we're going to get into is that the Taino had a matrilineal system of kinship, descent, and inheritance. Taino Society was based on respect for the female figure. They held women in great regard. When a male Heir did not exist, the inheritance or succession line would go to the oldest male child of the sister of the deceased.

Also newly married Taino couples would live in the household of the maternal uncle. In Taino Society, the maternal uncle was more important in the lives of his nieces children than their biologically father; the uncle introduced the boys to men's societies in his sister and his family's clan.

The second interesting fact was actually based on sport. But beyond sport it was also intertwined with religion. The Taino played a ceremonial ballgame called Batey. The game consisted of two teams, each having between 10 to 30 players, which were usually men but sometimes consisted of women also. They played a game using a solid Rubber Ball in a specially-designed rectangular court in the villages center plaza.

The game was played by the ball going back and forth between the teams. The ball could only be struck from the shoulder, elbow, head, knees etc... but never with the hands. Points were earned when the ball failed to be returned from a non faulted play (similiar to Volleyball but without the use of the hands). The game continued until a certain amount of points was earned by a team and that would determine the winner. One very important aspect of the game is that it was used as conflict resolution between communities.

The third very interesting fact about the Taino has to do with their language. And when I say language I'm not speaking about Spanish. In fact the Taino spoke an Arawakan language throughout the Carribean, including Puerto Rico.

However as the Taino culture declined during Spanish colonization, the language was replaced by Spanish and other European languages like English and French and within 100 Years of European contact, the Taino language is believed to have become extinct. However, the Taino language did become a source of new words into European languages.

And these words include barbecue, canoe, hammock, hurricane, iguana etc.
Also, the islands in the Caribbean still have the original Taino names like Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas and Haiti...Puerto Rico is probably one of the few whose name was changed from its original Boriquen..

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Are the indigenous Taino of Puerto Rico extinct?
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